Sarcoma

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare group of cancers that arise from the body’s connective tissues—muscles, fat, nerves, and blood vessels. Though uncommon, these tumors can occur anywhere in the body and often remain silent until they reach an advanced stage. “Sarcomas are challenging because they can grow quietly for months. But with today’s imaging and surgical advances, early intervention leads to excellent results,” explains Dr. Rajeev Kapoor, senior cancer and gastrointestinal surgeon based in Chandigarh. 1️⃣ What Is Soft Tissue Sarcoma? Soft tissue sarcomas comprise over 70 different subtypes, including liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma. They account for only about 1 % of adult cancers yet can occur at any age. These tumors develop from cells that form structural tissues of the body — making them capable of appearing in the limbs, abdomen, chest, or head-and-neck region. 2️⃣ Key Symptoms You Should Watch For A painless, enlarging lump anywhere in the body Deep-seated swelling or mass > 5 cm that persists Unexplained pain or pressure when the tumor presses against nerves Reduced mobility if located near joints or muscles Unexplained weight loss or fatigue in later stages “Any lump that grows steadily or returns after removal must never be ignored,” warns Dr. Kapoor. 3️⃣ Diagnosis and Imaging Techniques A precise diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach: MRI Scan: Determines tumor size and relation to surrounding structures CT Scan: Assesses spread to lungs or other organs Core-Needle Biopsy: Essential for histopathological confirmation PET-CT: Evaluates metastatic disease and treatment planning Dr. Kapoor stresses the importance of getting biopsies performed only by trained oncological surgeons, as improper procedures can complicate later surgeries. 4️⃣ Treatment Options Modern treatment for soft tissue sarcoma is both effective and customized: a. Surgery – Cornerstone of Treatment Wide local excision removing tumor with clear margins Limb-sparing techniques preserve function without amputation b. Radiation Therapy Given before or after surgery to reduce recurrence risk Image-guided and intensity-modulated radiation (IMRT) minimizes damage to normal tissue c. Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy Drugs like Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide for aggressive subtypes Targeted molecules and immunotherapy agents are showing remarkable promise in advanced cases “Our goal is to combine oncologic safety with functional preservation. With modern techniques, we can save limbs and lives,” adds Dr. Kapoor. 5️⃣ Survival and Prognosis When detected early and managed by a specialized team, soft tissue sarcoma can be successfully treated. The overall 5-year survival rate ranges between 65–80 %, depending on the tumor stage and type. Regular follow-up is crucial to monitor for recurrence or metastasis. 6️⃣ Early Detection and Awareness in India In India, sarcomas are often diagnosed late due to lack of awareness and misdiagnosis as benign lumps. Public education and early screening efforts — especially through campaigns like Sarcoma Awareness Month (July) — can significantly improve outcomes. Conclusion Soft tissue sarcoma may be rare, but it is not untreatable. Advances in diagnostics, precision surgery, and targeted therapies have dramatically improved prognosis. If you notice a persistent or unusual lump, consult a specialist without delay. Dr. Rajeev Kapoor, a trusted cancer and gastrointestinal surgeon in Chandigarh, leads a multidisciplinary team offering comprehensive care for sarcoma and other complex cancers.