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Cervical Cancer Surgery in Chandigarh | Cervical Cancer Screening
blog, Cancer, Cancer Screening, Cervical Cancer

Cervical Cancer Surgery in Chandigarh | Cervical Cancer Screening

blog, Cancer, Cancer Screening, Cervical Cancer /

Cervical Cancer Screening Cervical Cancer Surgery in Chandigarh – Cervical cancer screening tests aid discover cervical cancer at onset. When located early, the possibilities for successfully dealing with the condition are greatest. Ensure you obtain a health check-up annual plan, even if you do not require a screening test. If you’ve had the HPV vaccine, you still require to be evaluated. The screening suggestions listed below apply to the majority of women and have been categorized according to age. Cervical Cancer Screening for ages 21 to 29 Pap test every three years Cervical Cancer Screening for ages 30 to 64 Pap test and also human papillomavirus (HPV) test every 5 years OR Pap examination every three years Cervical Cancer Screening for ages 65 or older No further testing if you’ve had normal Pap or HPV test in past 10 years. Cervical Cancer Screening for ladies who have had a hysterectomy If you’ve have had a hysterectomy, but have not had cervical cancer cells or serious cervical dysplasia, you should speak to your doctor regarding whether you need to continue screening if your hysterectomy consisted of removal of the cervix. Get a Pap examination and HPV examination every five years if your hysterectomy didn’t consist of elimination of the cervix. Cervical Cancer Screening for women at enhanced risk of getting Cervical Cancer You may need to start screening at an earlier age, get extra examinations or be examined more frequently. You’re at raised threat for cervical cancer if you fall under several of these groups. Background of serious cervical dysplasia, which is a pre-cancerous condition Consistent HPV infection after age 30 An immune system that does not function effectively, such as organ transplant receivers and also those taking medications to reduce their immune system Background of human immunodeficiency infection (HIV). Diethylstilbestrol (DES) direct exposure prior to birth. Also See: Rectal Cancer Surgeon in Chandigarh Cervical Cancer Screening for women who have been treated for cervical cancer earlier These ladies need to be under a surveillance program as drawn up by your surgeon. It is vital one should not ignore this schedule as an early recurrence can be picked up and dealt with. If you have not been provided one such surveillance schedule, please seek it from your surgeon. Details about PAP Test used for Screening for Cervical Cancer A Pap test or smear is a screening test to detect early cervical cancer. The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina. It involves collecting a sample of cells from the cervix from two different spots using a swab or a small brush. It’s done in the OPD Clinic Its discomforting but not painful. it’s done in about five minutes. The sample is sent to the lab in a bottle. Report is usually out within two days Also See Colectomy Surgery in Chandigarh Cervical Cancer Surgery in Chandigarh

Vulvar Cancer Treatment Doctor in Chandigarh | Vulvar Cancer Surgeon
blog, Cancer, Gynaecology Cancer, Vulvar Cancer

Vulvar Cancer Treatment Doctor in Chandigarh | Vulvar Cancer Surgeon

blog, Cancer, Gynaecology Cancer, Vulvar Cancer /

What is vulvar cancer? Best Treatment for Vulvar Cancer – Vulvar cancer can happen on any part of the female genital organs; however most often affects the labia majora or labia minora. Cancer of the vulva is an unusual disease, accounting for 0.6 percent of all cancers in women, and also it grows slowly and gradually over several years. A lot of vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Melanoma is another common kind of vulvar cancer that is generally located in the labia minora or clitoris. We deal with a lot more women every year with this vulvar cancer and therefore offers us a degree of experience and also proficiency that might bring about a greater opportunity for successful treatment in many cases. Vulvar Cancer Risk Factors The following elements might enhance a woman’s threat of being afflicted with vulvar cancer: Of the ladies who develop vulvar cancer, over 80 percent are more than 50, as well as fifty percent are over 70. Infection with certain kinds of HPV HIV infection Lichen sclerosus Melanoma or irregular moles on nonvulvar skin Also See: Rectal Cancer Surgeon in Chandigarh What are symptoms of vulvar cancer? Symptoms vary and may include: Red or white raised area with a rough surface on the vulva Itching or burning in the genital area Pain while passing urine Bleeding and discharge from the vagina, when one is not having a menstrual period Non healing ulcer on the vulva Change in the size of a mole on vulva Swelling or lump on the vulva or in the opening of the vagina Diagnosis of vulvar cancer It is very important that vulvar cancer is diagnosed early as well as where the cancer has spread. These are: Clinical Examination Biopsy of the growth, if the growth is large Chest X-ray CT scans MRI scans PET scans Blood tests Vulvar cancer treatments If you are identified with vulvar cancer cells, your physician will go over the very best choices to treat it. This depends upon a number of aspects, including:. The kind as well as phase of the cancer. Your general wellness. Your age. Your preferences. Also See: Colon Cancer Surgeon in Chandigarh Surgical treatment for Vulvar Cancer. Surgery is the main treatment for vulvar cancer. Best results are accrued if vulvar cancer surgery is done by a specialist with a good deal of experience in the procedure. Various forms of surgery for vulvar cancer include the following: Laser surgery: Lasers may be utilized to deal with precancerous changes. Unusual cells are burnt with a laser light beam. Lasers are not utilized for invasive vulvar cancer cells. Excision: The cancer as well as surrounding normal area of almost 1/2 inch of skin and tissues on each side of the tumour are gotten rid of. Reconstruction is done after the removal. Vulvectomy: This is major surgery in which all or major part of vulva is removed. Reconstruction is done with the help of a plastic surgeon. Pelvic exenteration: In this complex surgical procedure, the vulva and lymph nodes in the pelvis are removed. Depending upon how much the cancer cells has actually spread, the colon, anus, bladder, uterus, cervix and/or vaginal canal may be gotten rid of. Inguinal lymph node removal: Lymph nodes on one or both sides of the groin area are excised and sent for biopsy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy: The surgeon eliminates the lymph nodes closest to the cancer and looks at them under a microscope. If the cells do not have cancer cells, no more lymph nodes are gotten rid of. If the cells do have cancer, various other lymph nodes in the location will have to be removed. Topical Therapy for Vulvar Cancer This kind of treatment may be utilized in precancerous vulvar cell adjustments. These include:. Fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapy drug. Imiquimod. Radiation treatment for Vulvar cancer Radiotherapy is one of the most current and innovative options for vulvar cancer. New radiation treatment enable us to target lumps a lot more precisely, delivering the optimum amount of radiation with the least damages to healthy and balanced cells. Chemotherapy for Vulvar Cancer Chemo treatment in some cases may be given with radiation treatment to aid make the cancer smaller prior to surgery. It additionally might be used to treat lymph nodes. How to prevent Vulvar Cancer: Using condoms during sexual activities To stop smoking Getting vaccinated against HPV Having routine Pap tests and pelvic exams Good hygiene of the genital organs Salient Features about Vulvar cancer  

Survivor Story: Colon Cancer Surgery – During and After
Cancer, blog

Survivor Story: Colon Cancer Surgery – During and After

Cancer, blog /

This is a story of one of my patient about her fight with colon cancer. She wanted to write and I encouraged her to put her experience in words. She did so, but decided that she wanted her name be changed. It all began in 2016. Sonia, a 46-year-old, mom of a then 20 year old was working full time awakened with what she assumed was a stomach ache that just didn’t want to disappear. Throughout the day it seemed to get worse and by that night she could not walk. Her husband was away on a business trip and thus her daughter, who was in Delhi university returned and took her to the hospital. Also See: Colon Cancer Surgeon in Chandigarh Diagnosis of colon cancer Lot of tests were done and the CAT Scan found a mass in her right colon which looked like a tumour. She remained in the hospital for seven days. As she writes, “Ten days of worry, testing, scans, surgical treatment and also a lot of bonding with the nurses”. During that time, a colonoscopy confirmed that the tumour had actually shut off her colon, a Pet scan validated that it had grown past the colon walls and also into the lymph nodes. So she had what we call cancer of the right colon. Once a cancer is diagnosed with colonoscopy and biopsy, the PET CT assesses the entire body for any spread. After these tests, we stage the tumour by giving it a number. Thus Sonia had stage 3 of right sided cancer of the colon and required urgent colon cancer surgery as the lesion was obstructing her ascending colon. This is called a obstructing colon cancer is normal parlance. Colon Cancer Surgery Laparoscopic surgical treatment removed the tumour, 24 cm of colon and also 21 lymph nodes. She recovered well to go home and to be followed up in the OPD. Her case was discussed in hospital tumour board and her cancer was labelled as a Stage III Colon Cancer. Her final biopsy had shown some small vessel infiltration. She was referred to medical oncologist, who made a decision that even though the nodes weren’t impacted, it would be only a short time prior to they would certainly have been, so they decided to give her chemotherapy. This is what Sonia says “Up until this point, I had been living with an extremely worn out sensation at all times as well as taking medication for chest allergy due to the fact that I was having a difficult time capturing my breath. However it turned out I was extremely anaemic and B-12 deficient. My haemoglobin was so low. After the surgery, I felt better as I had received blood transfusions. My pain was gone and since there was no big incision for my surgery, I started feeling good and cheerful” Colon cancer chemotherapy Chemotherapy treatment started a month later and consisted of 5FU, Leucovorin and Oxalliplatin. She writes “life was far from typical. I needed to take added iron tablets as well as have B-12 shots. I got on 3 types of anti-nausea drug. My hair fell from the chemo, I had consistent nose and anal bleeds but had the ability to maintain my composure as well as a will to survive.” So all patients of stage 3 and 4 with colon cancer receive chemotherapy after colon cancer surgery. Some patients of stage 2 also receive chemotherapy after colon cancer surgery as they have some bad prognostic markers. Sonia had obstruction as well as some small vessel infiltration with tumour and thus was earmarked for chemotherapy. The chemotherapy is started about 4 weeks after the surgery and the wounds are completely healed. In the interim a port is inserted to deliver chemotherapy. Sonia writes “I still had fatigue however, I had to will myself to try as well as live a rather regular life. Strolling was difficult as a result of the wooziness. I fell a number of times due to the enduring neuropathy in my feet. I had several issues with my power port but in the end everything worked well. Throughout this experience I utilized the expression “It’s all excellent” as my reply when asked just how I was doing.” Also See Rectal Cancer Surgeon in Chandigarh Colon cancer surveillance Sonia will be followed up every 3 months for five years, with proceeded checks up to 10 years. Sonia has persuaded her friends to go for screening and all have lately been checked out by their doctors. Colon cancer presents in many ways. Sonia had a complicated presentation as she developed intestinal obstruction because of colon cancer. Colon cancer surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Laparoscopic surgery is the preferred method to do surgery. The surgeries include right, extended right or left hemicolectomy. Chemotherapy is given after surgery for some stage 2, stage 3 and stage 4 colon cancers. Preoperative chemotherapy may be used in stage 4 cancers before surgery is planned. Survival is very good in colon cancer and one should not give up hope. Sonia’s story should be a great motivator for all patients with colon cancer.

Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance for Prevention
Cancer, blog

Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance for Prevention

Cancer, blog /

Colon and rectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in males and third most common cancer in females in India. Those with a family history of the illness or who have actually had breast, uterine, or ovarian cancer are at a greater threat, as are those who have a history of substantial inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative or Crohn’s colitis. Among the harder aspects of colorectal cancer detection is that, in a lot of cases, the cancers cells or polyps do not initially create any kind of symptoms. The goal is to recognize the possibility for disease as early as feasible, in order to facilitate avoidance or remedy. That’s why testing is so significant; it recognizes whether an asymptomatic person has an illness or condition that could cause cancer. Surveillance, on the other hand, entails screening those with a background of colorectal cancer , or that have actually been identified as being at a higher danger for developing it. Screening for Colorectal Cancer Many people with colon and rectal cancer do not experience any kind of signs and symptoms (consisting of anal blood loss as well as pain in the abdomen) till the cancer is rather progressed– which is why it’s usually described as a “silent” condition. The possibility for a cure is however much lower after signs establish, which is why testing is important. The majority of colorecta cancers begin as polyps (non-cancerous growths). Getting rid of the polyps may lead to stopping the cancer and avoiding the requirement for major surgical procedure. Screening Tests for Colorectal Cancer There are different screening tests that can be carried out. One of the a lot more common tests is called faecal occult blood screening, which includes examining the faeces to detect any kind of blood that might not be visible to the eye. Considering that it only detects cancers as well as polyps that are bleeding at the time of the test, however, faecal occult blood testing is generally used together with other testing methods. Flexible sigmoidoscopy enables your doctor to look straight at the cellular lining of the colon and also rectum. The examination focuses on the cellular lining of the last portion of the colon and anus, where many polyps and cancers cells normally start. Combined with faecal occult blood screening, sigmoidoscopy can find many cancers and also polyps. If an sigmoidoscopy leads to the discovery of a polyp or cancer, or if a person is thought about at a greater risk for having colorectal cancer, after that the physician will likely do a colonoscopy. This treatment permits a full exam of the colorectal cellular lining, in order to diagnose troubles as well as to do biopsies as well as to get rid of polyps. Colonoscopies are typically executed on an outpatient basis. Barium enema, or x-ray of the colon, is an additional treatment made use of to spot big polyps or lumps. It is less exact for smaller sized tumours, and also not quite as effective as a colonoscopy. CT Scan is used in those people, where the suspicion is high but screening tests have not revealed much. When and how often the colorectal cancer screening must be done For people with no determined threats, a digital anal evaluation and screening of the stool for concealed blood are recommended annually beginning at age 40. A colonoscopy should be performed at age 50, or earlier for those with a background of colon cancer in their household. Surveillance for Colorectal Cancer Surveillance is recommended for people in the following risk groups: People who have had any kind of pre-cancerous polyps located as well as surgically removed in the past. A colonoscopy is recommended one to three years after the very first examination. Those with a close loved one (brother or sister, moms and dad, or kid) who has actually had colon cancer or a pre-cancerous polyp. Screening must start at age 40, or five years prior to the age at which the youngest relative was detected. Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, including close family members as well as across a number of generations. These people should obtain genetic counselling and consider screening for a problem called genetic nonpolyposis intestines cancer. Colonoscopy is advised every 2 years starting in between ages 20 and 30, and also each year after age 40. Individuals with a family history of an acquired disease called familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Counselling and also hereditary screening are advised, to establish if they are carriers for the genetics that triggers the condition. If the gene is spotted, a sigmoidoscopy must be performed every year starting at puberty; if polyposis is present, a total proctocolectomy, which includes removing all the colon and rectum, might be recommended. People with history of colorectal cancer in the past. A total assessment (containing either a colonoscopy is advised within a year after the cancer is initially discovered as well as operatively removed. If exam outcomes are normal, a follow-up test must be carried out within 3 years. People with a background of extensive inflammatory bowel tract disease for a minimum of eight years. A colonoscopy is recommended each to two years. Ladies with a personal history of breast, ovary, or uterine cancer. These people have a 15% lifetime risk of developing colon cancer, as well as should go through a colonoscopy testing every five years, starting at age 40.

General Surgery, blog, Haemorrhoids, Piles

All Haemorrhoids Don’t Require Surgery

General Surgery, blog, Haemorrhoids, Piles /

What are Haemorrhoids? Haemorrhoids are also called Piles or Bawaseer in local dialect. Piles are when the veins or veins in and around your anus and lower anus become swollen as well as inflamed. This occurs when there is added pressure on these vessels. Haemorrhoids can be either inside your anus (interior) or under the skin around your rectum (outside). Piles are very usual in both men and women; fifty percent of all individuals will certainly have haemorrhoids by age 50. Several females get haemorrhoids while pregnant as well as giving birth. Labour process to press the child out when giving birth likewise puts additional stress on these veins. What are the causes of piles? Habit of exerting pressure during defecation Pregnancy Have a family history of hemorrhoids Are older Have long-term or chronic constipation Remain on the toilet for also lengthy Heavy weight training Have long-lasting or persistent irregular bowel movements or diarrhea How do Haemorrhoids present? Fresh Bleeding in Stools Mass protruding out of the anal canal Swelling around anal opening Pain while defecation Staining of undergarments with blood Painful swelling in the area of anal opening What are the complications of piles? In rare cases, piles may trigger various other problems. These may consist of:. Having a reduced blood haemoglobin that makes you exhausted (anaemia). This can take place because of haemorrhaging from a long-term or chronic piles. Haemorrhoid that is sticking out from anal canal (prolapsed). This can occur when the blood supply to the pile is cut off. This can be extremely painful and also create blood loss. You may need surgical procedure. How are haemorrhoids diagnosed? Having blood in your stool can also suggest other digestive problems, such as colorectal cancer. It’s important to see your healthcare provider for a complete exam. Physical exam: This is done to check your rectum and also anus as well as look for swollen blood vessels that are a sign of piles. Digital anus evaluation (DRE): Your healthcare provider inserts a gloved, greased (moisturized) finger right into your rectum to look for any kind of problems. Proctoscopy: A lighted tube is taken into your anus. This offers a sight of your whole anus. Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy: This test checks the part or complete large intestinal tract. It helps to tell what is causing diarrhea, stomach pain, irregular bowel movements, abnormal growths, and blood loss. A short, flexible, lighted tube (sigmoidoscope or colonoscope) is taken into your intestine via the anus. A tissue sample (biopsy) can be taken if required. What is the Treatment for Piles? Your doctor will create a treatment plan for you based upon many factors. These could be r age, overall health and wellness, and also past health, severity, whether you have inner haemorrhoids, external haemorrhoids, or both and how symptomatic are you. The primary objective of treatment is to minimize your signs and symptoms. This may be done by: Being in level, warm water in a tub a number of times a day Making use of ice packs to lower swelling Making use of haemorrhoid creams or medicines placed right into your rectum (suppositories). Your doctor may also recommend that you include more fibre and fluids to your diet to help soften your stools, including fruits, whole grains and green leafy vegetables. Stool bulking agents or stool softeners In some cases, surgical procedure is needed. There are numerous types of surgeries used to remove or reduce internal and also exterior piles. The recommended are: Rubber band ligation Rubber band is positioned around the base of the pile inside your anus to cut off circulation to the haemorrhoid. The haemorrhoid reduces as well as goes away in a few of days. Almost 80% of the haemorrhoids presenting in the clinic can be handled by this. Two sessions or more are required at an interval of 4 weeks. No admission is required. There is no need for anaesthesia and one can go home after a few hours of the procedure. Haemorrhoidectomy These treatments permanently eliminate your haemorrhoids by surgery. Surgery is reserved for very large or complicated haemorrhoids. Surgery will involve anaesthesia and one night hospital admission. The post-operative period can be a bit painful as one has to move bowels daily and that could cause swelling and pain. However medication and warm water baths take care of these issues. Stapled haemorrhoidectomy This is another method to remove piles surgically. It cannot be done with large external haemorrhoids. It is less painful than open haemorrhoidectomy, but expertise is needed for this procedure. This is also done under anaesthesia and requires one night stay. The decision to do this procedure depends on the type of haemorrhoids and the decision of the surgeon. Emergency Haemorrhoidectomy Sometimes haemorrhoids continue to bleed and do not respond to the usual treatment. Then t requires emergency surgery in whick haemorrhoids are removed. Surgery for thrombosed pile This is a procedure done on a large external inflamed painful haemorrhoid, which has a clot inside the lumen. The clot is evacuated in this procedure. How can I avoid haemorrhoids? It’s not constantly possible to stop haemorrhoids from occurring. But you might lower your threat of getting piles if you: • Consume a healthy diet regimen, with a lot of fiber and fluids.• Limit the quantity of time you remain on the bathroom pot.• Consult with your doctor to handle irregular bowel movements as well as avoid straining.• Remain at a healthy and balanced weight. Conclusion: Piles are a swelling of the blood vessels in and around your anus and also lower rectum. Most of the haemorrhoids requiring treatment can be handled by Rubber Band Ligation. A few needs surgery. Rubber band ligation does not require admission and is a day procedure.

Colon Cancer: Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment
blog, Cancer

Colon Cancer: Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment

blog, Cancer /

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the big intestine (colon). The colon is the last part of the digestion tract starting at cecum on right side and ending at rectum and anal canal. Colon cancer commonly impacts older adults, though it can happen at any kind of age. It usually starts as a tiny polyps that form on the inside of the colon and grows larger. Polyps are benign. Gradually these polyps can become colon cancers. Colon cancer is often called colorectal cancer, which is a term that integrates colon cancer and rectal cancer, which begins in the rectum. Large Intestine Polyps might be tiny as well as multiple, if any type of, signs. For this reason, doctors advise regular screening tests to aid protect against colon cancer cells by identifying as well as getting rid of polyps before they develop into cancer. If colon cancer develops, lots of therapies are readily available to help get rid of it, consisting of surgical treatment, chemotherapy treatment as well as medicine treatments, such as radiation treatment, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. What are the Signs and Symptoms of colon cancer A persistent modification in your bowel practices, consisting of diarrhoea or irregularity or a change in the consistency of your faecesAnal bleeding or blood in your faecesPersistent abdominal painA sensation that your bowel doesn’t empty totallyWeakness or exhaustionInexplicable weight reduction Many individuals with colon cancer experience no symptoms in the beginning of the illness. When symptoms show up, they’ll likely differ, relying on the cancer cells’ size and also location in your large intestinal tract. When to see a medical professional If you see any one of the above symptoms or signs that stress you, make an appointment with your medical professional. How does colon cancer starts Physicians aren’t certain what creates most colon cancers. However, generally, colon cancer begins when healthy and balanced cells in the colon develop modifications (anomalies) in their DNA. A cell’s DNA includes a collection of directions that inform a cell what to do. When a cell’s DNA is harmed and also ends up being cancerous, cells proceed to split– also when brand-new cells aren’t needed. As the cells accumulate, they create a growth. With time, the cancer cells can expand to invade as well as damage typical organs nearby. As well as malignant cells can travel to other parts of the body to develop deposits there (spread). What are the causes or risk factors of colon cancer? Older age. African-American race. A personal history of colon cancer or polyps. Family history of colon cancer Inflammatory digestive tract conditions. Inherited syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and also Lynch disorder, which is likewise known as hereditary nonpolyposis intestines cancer cells (HNPCC). Low-fiber, high-fat diet. An inactive way of life. Obesity. Diabetes mellitus. Smoking cigarettes. Heavy use of Alcohol. How do we diagnose colon cancer? • Colonoscopy: It uses a long, versatile and also slender tube affixed to a camera and screen to see your whole colon as well as anus. If any questionable areas are discovered, your medical professional can pass medical tools via television to take tissue examples (biopsies) for evaluation and get rid of polyps.• Blood examinations• CEA levels: Tracked gradually, the degree of CEA in your blood may help your medical professional comprehend your prognosis and also whether your cancer is responding to therapy.• CT Scan• PET Scan What is Staging of Colon Cancer? Staging helps establish what therapies are most appropriate for you. The stages of colon cancer are shown by Roman numerals that vary from 0 to IV, with the most curable stages being I to III suggesting cancer that is limited to the lining of the within the colon. By stage IV, the cancer cells has actually spread (metastasized) to other locations of the body and the cure becomes limited. How do we treat Colon Cancer? Treatment depends on the staging of the colon cancer. Type of surgery depends on the location of the colon cancer. Modality of surgery depends on the expertise of the surgeon as well as the stage and extent of the tumour. Therapy for colon cancer generally entails surgical treatment to get rid of the cancer. Various other therapies, such as radiation treatment and chemotherapy, may likewise be advised as required according to the final stage. Surgery for very early-stage colon cancer like polyps If your colon cancer is extremely tiny, your medical professional might advise a minimally invasive method to surgical procedure, such as:• Polypectomy: If your cancer is small, localized, entirely included within a polyp and in a really beginning, your medical professional may be able to remove it totally with colonoscopy.• Endoscopic mucosal resection: Larger polyps might be eliminated during colonoscopy making use of unique devices to remove the polyp and a percentage of the internal lining of the colon in a treatment called an endoscopic mucosal resection. If it is a limited growth in the colon then the options available are: Keyhole surgical procedure (laparoscopic surgical procedure): In this treatment, your doctor does the operation via a number of tiny cuts in your stomach wall, placing instruments with affixed electronic cameras that display your colon on a video clip display. The specialist might likewise take samples from lymph nodes in the location where the cancer is located. Open Surgery: The surgery is done by the open method in which a large incision is used. If the tumour is badly stuck all around or it is very large or invading surrounding structures, then this traditional method is used. The decision depends on the operating colorectal surgeon. Partial colectomy: Throughout this treatment, the surgeon eliminates the part of your colon which contains the cancer, in addition to a margin of regular colon on either side of the cancer cells Your surgeon is often able to reconnect the ends of your colon or rectum. This treatment can frequently be done by a minimally invasive technique (laparoscopy or robotic surgery). Its called right

Cancer, blog

Screening Tests for Cancer

Cancer, blog /

Early Diagnosis gives better chances of Cure for Cancer. Cancer is very common these days and the outcomes may not be favourable if diagnosed late. Cancers treatments can be successful if the cancer is detected early or is stage 1. How can we make sure that cancers are not detected late. Each cancers starts of as very small and thus a test or a combination of tests may detect the cancer at a very early stage. Not all cancers can be detected early, but a few common ones can be picked up early. Thus if we follow a screening program, then we can identify and treat these early cancers with very good outcomes. Each sort of cancer  has its own screening tests. Some kinds of cancer presently do not have an efficient screening approach. Creating new cancer cells screening tests is a location of active research. In this article I have listed a few tests, which if done annually can help in the early screening for these cancers. Read on. Breast cancer Breast self-examination: Throughout this exam, a woman looks and feels for changes in her own breast. This has to be done on a monthly basis on a fixed date. If she notices any changes, she needs to see a medical professional. Clinical breast assessment: A physician looks for any type of changes in the breast’s dimension or form. The examiner also tries to find changes in the skin of the breasts and also nipples. Mammography: Mammography is a kind of x-ray especially developed to check out the breast. The pictures generated by mammography can show tumours or irregularities in the breast. These images are called mammograms. Cervical cancer Pap test: This examination utilizes cells from the beyond a lady’s cervix. A pathologist then determines any kind of precancerous or malignant cells. A Pap examination might be incorporated with HPV testing. Human papillomavirus (HPV) screening: Cells are scraped from the outside of a female’s cervix. These cells are evaluated for specific strains of HPV. Some strains of HPV are much more highly connected to an increased threat of cervical cancer. This examination may be done alone or incorporated with a Pap test. An HPV test may also be done on an sample of cells from a female’s vaginal area that she can collect herself. Colon and Rectal cancer Fecal occult blood test (FOBT): This test discovers blood in the faeces, which can be a sign of polyps or cancer cells. Stool examination is required for this and this test should be done annually. If stools contain occult blood, then colonoscopy is required. Colonoscopy. Throughout this procedure, the medical professional inserts a flexible, lighted tube called a colonoscope into the anus. The medical professional has the ability to examine the whole colon for polyps or cancer. Another added advantage of stool occult blood is that it can even help pick up small gastro-intestinal cancers like cancer of the oesophagus, stomach or other parts of the small intestine. Prostate cancer Digital rectal evaluation (DRE): A DRE is an examination in which the doctor inserts a gloved moisturized finger into a guy’s rectum and also feels the surface area of the prostate for any type of irregularities. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) examination. This blood test determines the degree of a compound called PSA. PSA is usually discovered at higher-than-normal degrees in men with prostate cancer But a high PSA level may likewise be a sign of conditions that are not malignant. Lung cancer X-Ray or Low-dose helical or spiral computed tomography (CT or CAT) check. A CT check takes x-rays of the within the body from various angles. A computer system then combines these images right into a thorough, 3-dimensional image that reveals any kind of problems or tumours. High risk population especially smokers and their families can be screened for lung cancer. ST Scan is expensive, but Xray is cheap. However, CT Scan is more efficient. These have to be done annually. Annual Medical Check-up Getting oneself checked annually may be the another best alternative to pick up any irregularity in the body. This check-up should definitely have the above mentioned tests. Conclusion:  Screening tests can help doctors locate a cancer at an earlier, a lot more treatable stage. This helps enhance survival. However, cancers can still be missed even with these tests. However, the overall advantage far outweighs the occasional missing out of a diagnosis or even overdiagnosis rarely. I will write about some warning symptoms, which could be due to early cancer and if ignored can lead to a delay in the management with the cancer advancing.

Gallstones, blog

Myths and Misunderstandings regarding Gallstones and Surgery

Gallstones, blog /

Lets clear some doubts and wrong impressions about gallstones. Gallbladder diseases are a relatively common problem in a many parts of the globe. The overall occurrence of the gallstone illness in the United States and much of the Western Europe is in between 10 and 20 percent. In India as well, the gallstone condition is fairly usual with a total frequency was found to in between 6 to 20% in the adult populace. In either sex, the occurrence raises with age.  There are lots of misconceptions and mistaken beliefs about gallstones and exactly how they ought to be treated. Right here, we clear up some more common ones so that you are educated of what to expect about gallstones. Myth: Excess dietary fat is the culprit in gall bladder stone illness. This a wrong notion that needs to be laid to rest. While it’s true that nutritional fat causes the gall bladder to contract, creating pain if you already have gallstones, studies do not sustain the concept that a high-fat diet creates gallstones, particularly if carbs are restricted. There’s a high-concordance in between fatty liver, metabolic syndrome/insulin resistance, excessive weight as well as gall bladder troubles. All these are now recognized to be more closely related to excess dietary carbohydrates, not fats. Also See Gallstone Removal Surgeon in Chandigarh Myth: Gallstones can be ‘FLUSHED’ away Numerous alternate therapies are available on the web with ‘assurance’ to remove your gallstones using ‘natural solutions’ such as olive oil, lemon juice or some concoction. None of these are sustained by any kind of clinical evidence and also are best avoided. Gallstones come in all shapes and sizes. If gallstones are present, the most effective area for them to continue to be is within the gallbladder, as troubles develop when the stones are pushed out the gallbladder and gets stuck along the neck of the gallbladder and/or block essential ducts such as the bile duct or the pancreatic duct or even the intestinal tracts if the gallstone is large sufficient (gallstone ileus). Even if it was feasible to flush away gallstones, the root of the issue stays, a damaged gallbladder and the vulnerability to create more stones continues to be. Gallstones can additionally bring about long-term (persistent) irritation of the gallbladder, triggering it to be at higher threat of gallbladder cancer cells as well as persistent infections. Myth: Gallstones can be broken up using shockwaves Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) has actually been used to treat kidney stones effectively. Many perplex this as treatment for gallstones as well. Although, it can separate the rocks in smaller sized fragments, the problem continues to be that the stone pieces may still block the gallbladder, bile air duct or pancreatic air duct. Myth: You cannot live a normal typical life without a gallbladder This is a totally wrong concept. One leads a normal life without a gallbladder. Majority of individuals have no worry following the removal by surgery of their gallbladder very glad that the root cause of gallstones is out of the way. An extremely small percentage of people may have gastrointestinal issues in the short-term however most instances settle without the demand for treatment; majority of these are medication related. Myth: Surgery for gallstones is high-risk and unpleasant Whilst no procedure is safe, surgery for gallstones is really risk-free and also very reliable. Complications rates are really low as well as occur in less than 1%. Keyhole surgical treatment to remove your gallbladder (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) can be done in one night admission with minimal discomfort and downtime. The gallbladder’s feature is to store a portion of bile created by the liver as well as release it in a controlled way throughout meals. Bile then help digest the fat helping absorption. After the gallbladder is removed by a surgical procedure, bile trickles constantly into the intestines. For a small team of patients ranging less than 1%, this can bring about loosened stools throughout oily/fatty dishes; and also in others the bile can take a trip back right into the stomach creating heartburn-type signs (bile reflux). Most of the times, these symptoms settle within a few months after surgery. Majority of patients join work within the first week of surgery. Myth: All gallstones need to be dealt with Gallstones are commonly discovered ‘by the way’ on scans when your medical professional is exploring various other problems. In the many of these cases, these gallstones can be left alone without concern if they do not create symptoms or has not in the past. Even if the gall bladder surgery is to be done, it can planned electively. It is, nonetheless, vital to keep in mind that you have gallstones in case they start to trigger issues in the future. However, many other factors may be considered like age, other comorbidities, diabetes mellitus etc and then patients are advised surgery for asymptomatic stones. Myth: It is alright as well as better to simply eliminate the gallstones alone and keep the gallbladder If gallstones are present and surgery is being done, they must be dealt with by getting rid of the gallbladder and also the stones within together. Removal of the gallstones without the gallbladder does not address the issue as the root of the issue remains, an unhealthy gallbladder and its sensitivity to form even more rocks in the future. Additionally, the removal of the gallstones without the gallbladder is a lot more complicated and riskier than eliminating the gallbladder and the stones within together. Hence, it is not recommended. Myth: Gall bladder disease is rare in non-whites We were educated the “4 Fs” in our medical colleges. The common gall bladder patient is fat, fair, female as well as fertile (the latter pertains to the capacity for estrogen to promote gallstones). Gall bladder illness, while much less typical in is widespread in non white races. Myth: Gallstones are mostly a hereditary problem.  While roughly 30 percent people are in danger for getting afflicted with gallstones due to

blog, Gallstones

What to do if you have Gallstones?

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Management of Gallstones What are gallstones? Gallstones are stones that develop in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ situated in the top right abdominal areas– the location between the chest and hips located below the liver. Gallstones can range in dimension from a grain of sand to a golf ball. The gallbladder can develop a solitary huge gallstone, thousands of small stones, or a mixture of small and large stones What creates gallstones? Gallstones may develop if bile contains excessive cholesterol, way too much bilirubin, or otherwise enough bile salts. Scientists do not totally recognize why these inequalities take place. Gallstones also might be create dif the gallbladder does not empty entirely or frequently enough. Certain people have a greater danger of establishing gallstones than others; these are: Females are more probable to develop gallstones than males. maternity, hormonal agent substitute treatment, or contraceptive pill may be the culprits People over age 40 are most likely to establish gallstones than younger individuals. Individuals with a family history of gallstones have a higher risk. Weight problems. People that are overweight, specifically females, have raised risk of creating gallstones.  Quick weight-loss Low-calorie diets and bariatric surgical treatment Diet plans high in calories and also refined carbohydrates as well as reduced in fiber increase the threat of gallstones.  Diseases that influence normal absorption of nutrients, such as Crohn’s disease, are connected with gallstones. Metabolic disorder, diabetes, as well as insulin resistance.  Liver cirrhosis Hemolytic anemias What are the signs and symptoms and also issues of gallstones? Many people with gallstones do not have signs. Gallstones that do not trigger signs and symptoms are called asymptomatic, or silent, gallstones.  Upper abdominal pain: The pain typically lasts from 1 to numerous hours. It can occur with heavy meals, and they generally occur in the evening or throughout the night. Vague dietary symptoms like fullness after meals, belching, bloating or indigestion. What are the complications of Gallstones? Apart from the usual presentations, gallstones can cause lot of complications which have different set of presentations. These complications could be: Acute Cholecystitis Mucocele of the gall bladder Empyema Gallbladder perforation Biliary peritonitis Chronic cholecystitis Obstructive jaundice Biliary pancreatitis Gall Stone Ileus When should a person consult a surgeon about gallstones? People with any of the below given signs during or after a gallbladder pain (biliary colic) must see a health care service provider instantly: Abdominal pain lasting more than 5 hours. Nausea as well as throwing up. Fever– even a low-grade high temperature– or chills. Yellow-colored shade of the skin or whites of the eyes, called jaundice. Tea-colored urine and light-colored stools. These symptoms may be signs of major infection or inflammation of the gallbladder, liver, or pancreas. Exactly how are gallstones detected or diagnosed? Ultrasound examination is the best investigation done to identify gallstones.  Other imaging tests may also be utilized according to clinical presentations or ultrasound findings; these are: Computerized tomography (CT) scan.  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).  Cholescintigraphy or HIDA Scan Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).  Blood tests to look for indicators of infection or swelling of the bile ducts, gallbladder, pancreatic, or liver.  How are gallstones managed? If gallstones are not triggering symptoms, therapy may not be required. The decision will depend on many factors. A lot of time, your surgeon will advice surgery for silent gall stones based on many factors. The normal treatment for gallstones is surgical treatment to get rid of the gallbladder. If a person cannot go through surgery, nonsurgical therapies may be made use of to dissolve cholesterol gallstones. ERCP may be used to eliminate migratory stones from bile ducts Latest Surgical treatment Surgical procedure to eliminate the gallbladder, called cholecystectomy, is one of the most common procedures executed on adults. The gallbladder is not a vital body organ, which indicates a person can live normally without a gallbladder. When the gallbladder is gotten rid of, bile flows out of the liver through the hepatic and typical bile ducts and also straight into the duodenum, instead of being saved in the gallbladder. Surgeons perform two kinds of cholecystectomy: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: In a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the doctor makes several small cuts in the abdomen as well as inserts a laparoscope– a thin tube with a tiny video camera connected. The camera sends a magnified image from inside the body to a video clip display, offering the surgeon a close-up sight of body organs and gall bladder. While looking at the screen, the doctor uses tools to meticulously separate the gallbladder from the liver, bile ducts, and other structures. After that the surgeon removes the gallbladder through one of the tiny cuts. Procedure is done under general anesthesia. The majority of cholecystectomies are done with laparoscopy. One night stay is required. Normal physical activity can usually be returned to in aa weeks time. Open cholecystectomy: An open cholecystectomy is carried out when the gallbladder is significantly swollen, contaminated, or adherent from other surgeries in the past. In most of these situations, open cholecystectomy is intended from the start. A surgeon may execute an open cholecystectomy when it is difficult to remove gallbladder during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In these instances, the surgeon changes to open cholecystectomy. This conversion is always explained to the patient before surgery and the discretion to convert remains with the surgeon. Conversion rates in planned laparoscopic surgeries are below 5%. To execute an open cholecystectomy, the surgeon creates a incision about 4 to 6 inches long in the upper abdomen on the right side to remove the gallbladder. Recovery from open cholecystectomy may need some individuals to stay in the hospital for up to a week. Typical physical activity can normally be returned to after a few days or weeks Nonsurgical Treatments for Cholesterol Gallstones. Nonsurgical treatments are utilized just in unique scenarios, such as when an individual with cholesterol stones has a serious medical problem that prevents surgical procedure. Gallstones frequently reoccur within 5 years after nonsurgical therapy. Stone dissolving drugs can be made use of to

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Inguinal (Groin) Hernia: Management and Treatment

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Know everything about groin hernia What is a hernia? A hernia is a typical problem that happens when part of an indoor body organ or intestinal tract protrudes via a muscle out as a bulge. Hernias can occur around the belly button, by means of a medical scar (incisional hernia), in the diaphragm, or in the groin (the location in between the abdomen as well as the upper leg on both sides of the body). Also See: Hernia Surgeon in Chandigarh What is an inguinal hernia? An inguinal hernia occurs when a part of the intestinal tract  or fat from the abdominal cavity protrude out as a lump via the weak abdominal wall surface area into the inguinal, or groin region. It could be unilateral or bilateral. Age: It can occur at any age. In children it could be a congenital in origin. Heavy exercise can cause it in adulthood. Elder can have it and actually it is common after the age of 40. Male over age 40 are much more most likely to get direct inguinal hernias than women. Relating to 25% of males, in addition to simply around 2% of ladies, will certainly develop an inguinal hernia in their life time. Predisposing factors: A family history of having an inguinal hernia, smoking cigarettes, and also people that have had previous abdominal surgical procedure are at greater risk for obtaining an inguinal hernia. What is a incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernia? Incarcerated or strangulation of inguinal hernias is unusual, yet severe concerns can produce if a hernia is left ignored. Incarceration happens when part of the fat or digestive system from inside the abdominal area gets stuck in the groin or scrotum as well as cannot be returned or pushed back into the abdominal area. Strangulation can occur when incarcerated hernia is not treated and the part inside the hernia gets gangrenous. Strangulated hernia is an emergency situation and also may result in some loss of intestinal tract. The main symptoms include pain, redness, inability to be able to reduce the hernia and tender to touch. Also See: Robotic Surgeon in Chandigarh What are the signs of an inguinal hernia? A lump on one or both sides of the groin that disappears when lying down. Discomfort in the groin, specifically when training, coughing or exercising. An experience of weak point, thickness or burning in the groin. A puffy scrotum (the sac-like a part of the male genitalia below the penis). Do all inguinal hernias call for surgical procedure? Yes. All inguinal hernia need surgical procedure. It will certainly not get better or disappear on its own. Just how is an inguinal hernia repaired? Inguinal hernia fixing is a common surgery, which is called herniorrhaphy or hernioplasty. It is done laparoscopically or by open method.  Treatment of Inguinal Hernia Open hernia repair: This is an operation in which a cut is made in the groin, the components are pushed back into the abdominal area and the abdominal wall surface is strengthened with mesh as well as stitches. Minimally invasive or laparoscopic hernia repair: It is a much less invasive procedure in which tiny, half-inch cuts are made in the in the lower abdominal area as well as a slim tube with a tiny camera affixed is placed inside. This is called a laparoscope. The laparoscope sends out pictures to a monitor or a tv screen display and then surgery of the hernia is done with these little incisions. Mesh is used in this surgery as well. Robotic hernia repair: It’s similar to laparoscopic surgical treatment. Robot surgical procedure uses a laparoscope, as well as surgical procedure is carried out in the same manner (tiny lacerations, a tiny video camera and forecasting the within the abdominal area on tv). Right here the surgeon is seated at a console in the operating room, and also manages the surgical tools from the console. It’s similar to laparoscopic surgery, but more expensive. What is the healing after inguinal hernia repair surgery? Healing from both minimally invasive and open surgical treatment typically requires some medication to deal with postoperative discomfort. Individuals are recommended to not lift anything heavy or engage in strenuous task. One night admission is required. Minimally intrusive hernia surgical procedure has a shorter recovery time. Minimally invasive surgery might not be a choice for individuals with larger hernias or those who have actually had previous hernia surgical procedure and have a recurrence.  Conclusion Groin or inguinal hernia when discovered should be shown to a surgeon. Surgery is recommended as the treatment; though the surgery can be planned in the next few weeks or months. However, waiting longer would mean that the hernia will become larger or more difficult to deal with. Symptomatic hernia should be treated earlier than later. If it is a painful lump or hernia becomes irreducible, then emergency consultation should be sought the same day; emergent surgery may be required. Laparoscopic repair is the best way to treat inguinal hernia. Hernia in both the groins can be handled through the same small incisions while performing laparoscopic surgery. Postoperative recovery is quicker and return to work is faster with laparoscopic surgery. Postoperative pain is lesser than open surgery.

DR. Rajeev Kapoor
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This information has been prepared by Dr. Rajeev Kapoor, A colorectal, cancer and general surgeon with clinical involvement in the management of elective and emergency surgical conditions. His practice includes abdominal wall hernias, colorectal diseases, gallbladder disorders, intestinal obstruction, and emergency abdominal surgery.

Dr. Rajeev Kapoor is a practicing surgeon based in Mohali, Punjab. He provides clinical services in the field of gastrointestinal, colorectal, and general surgery. This website is intended for informational and educational purposes only.

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