Colorectal Cancer

    Colorectal Cancer

    The Rising Incidence of Colorectal Cancer In India

    Colorectal Cancer /

    The Rising Incidence of Colorectal Cancer In India Colorectal Cancer, encompassing both colon cancer and rectal cancer, has become a growing concern in India. With its increasing incidence and impact on public health, understanding the current statistics surrounding of this cancer in India is crucial for raising awareness, early detection, and implementing preventive measures. In this article, we explore the incidence of colorectal cancer in India, highlighting the key factors contributing to its rise and the importance of proactive measures to address this alarming trend.  Incidence Rates Colorectal Cancer ranks among the leading types of cancer in India, affecting both men and women. The incidence of this cancer has been steadily rising over the years, with a noticeable increase in recent decades. According to studies, in 2020, approximately 57,000 new cases of this type of cancer were reported in India, making it a significant public health issue. Age And Gender Distribution Colorectal cancer can occur at any age, but the risk increases with advancing age. It is more commonly diagnosed in individuals above the age of 50. However, there has been a concerning trend of an increasing number of cases among younger individuals in recent years. In terms of gender distribution, this will affects both men and women almost equally. However, some studies indicate a slightly higher incidence rate among men. It is important to note that gender disparities may vary across different regions of the country. Regional Variations The incidence of Colorectal Cancer varies across different regions of India. Urban areas, characterized by changing lifestyles and dietary habits, report higher incidence rates compared to rural regions. This discrepancy can be attributed to factors such as sedentary lifestyles, dietary patterns rich in processed foods, low fiber intake, and increased exposure to environmental risk factors prevalent in urban settings. Risk Factors Several risk factors contribute to the development of colorectal cancer in India. These include: Age: Advancing age is a significant risk factor, with the majority of cases occurring in individuals above 50 years. Family History: Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer or certain genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), have a higher risk. Unhealthy Lifestyle: Sedentary behavior, low physical activity levels, unhealthy dietary choices (low fiber, high fat and processed foods), obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption are associated with an increased risk. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Chronic conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Screening And Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer Early detection plays a crucial role in improving outcomes for Colorectal Cancer patients. A routine stool exam is the best screening test. Presence of occult blood in the sample indicate risk of colorectal cancer and then a colonoscopy is advised. Regular screenings, such as colonoscopies, help identify precancerous polyps or early-stage cancer, enabling timely intervention and potentially preventing the progression of the disease. However, the uptake of screening programs in India remains low, primarily due to limited awareness and access to healthcare services. Conclusion The rising incidence of Colorectal Cancer in India is a cause for concern. It is imperative to address this public health challenge through collaborative efforts. Raising awareness about the risk factors, promoting healthy lifestyles, and encouraging regular screenings can help in early detection and timely treatment. Additionally, ensuring access to quality healthcare services and implementing targeted screening programs are essential steps toward reducing the burden of this cancer in India. By taking proactive measures, we can strive towards a future where this is detected early, treated effectively, and outcomes are improved for those affected by this disease.  Also Read: Understanding Right Colon Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options Crucial Considerations: Understanding the High-Risk Profile for Major Surgeries Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance for Prevention Advancements in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer Surgical Option for Right Colon Cancer – Right Hemicolectomy

    Colorectal Cancer

    Understanding Right Colon Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

    Colorectal Cancer /

    Understanding Right Colon Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options Right colon cancer, also known as ascending colon cancer, is a form of colorectal cancer that develops in the right portion of the colon. It is essential to raise awareness about this condition to promote early detection and improve treatment outcomes. I will aim to provide comprehensive information on right colon cancer, including its symptoms, diagnosis methods, treatment options, and prevention strategies. Understanding Right Colon Cancer: The colon, or large intestine, is divided into several sections, with the right colon comprising the cecum, ascending colon and a right side of transverse colon. Right colon cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in this region, forming a tumor. If left untreated, the cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant organs and cause death. Symptoms: Abdominal pain or discomfort: Persistent pain or discomfort in the right lower abdomen may be a sign of right colon cancer. Changes in bowel habits: Chronic diarrhoea or constipation that lasts for an extended period can indicate a problem, though more common for left colon and rectal cancers. Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool: Bright red blood or dark, tarry stools may be indicative of colorectal cancer. Unexplained weight loss and fatigue: Rapid weight loss and persistent fatigue unrelated to other factors could be warning signs. Iron deficiency anemia: Chronic bleeding from the tumor can lead to iron deficiency anemia, causing weakness and fatigue. Palpable mass in the abdomen: In some cases, a lump or swelling may be felt in the abdomen, especially on the right side. Diagnosis: Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Colorectal Surgeons use several methods to diagnose right colon cancer, including: Physical examination: A thorough physical examination helps detect any abnormalities or masses in the abdomen. Imaging tests: Imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound can provide detailed images of the colon, helping identify tumors or abnormal growths. PET CT is a special modality to detect cancer. Colonoscopy: This procedure involves the insertion of a flexible tube with a camera into the rectum and colon. It allows visual examination of the entire colon, facilitating the detection of polyps or tumors. Biopsy samples may be collected during colonoscopy for further analysis. Blood tests: Blood samples may be analyzed to check for specific markers associated with colon cancer, as well as to assess for anemia. Treatment Options: The treatment approach for right colon cancer depends on various factors, including the cancer stage, overall health of the patient, and individual preferences. Common treatment options include: Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor, along with nearby lymph nodes, is the primary treatment for right colon cancer. A right colectomy may be performed, which involves removing the right portion of the colon and reconnecting the healthy ends. It’s also called Right Hemicolectomy. The surgery is usually performed with minimum access like robotic assisted right hemicolectomy or laparoscopic assisted right hemicolectomy. Chemotherapy: When the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant organs, chemotherapy drugs are used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. Chemotherapy can be administered before or after surgery. Targeted therapy: Some individuals with specific genetic mutations may benefit from targeted therapies. These medications, such as anti-EGFR or anti-VEGF drugs, target specific mutations in cancer cells, impeding their growth. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be used in specific cases to shrink tumors before surgery or to alleviate symptoms caused by advanced cancer. However, it is generally less common in the treatment of right colon cancer. Prognosis: The prognosis for right colon cancer varies based on factors such as the stage of cancer at diagnosis, the effectiveness of the treatment, and the individual’s overall health. Early detection and treatment significantly improve the prognosis. However, if the cancer has metastasized to distant sites or organs, the prognosis may be less favorable. Prevention Strategies: Prevention plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of right colon cancer. Here are some preventive measures individuals can adopt: Regular screening: Colonoscopies and other screening tests are vital for early detection and prevention of colon cancer. The recommended screening age may vary based on personal risk factors and family history. Healthy lifestyle choices: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with regular exercise, can contribute to reducing the risk of colon cancer. Avoiding processed meats, limiting alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight are also beneficial. Awareness of risk factors: Individuals with a family history of colon cancer or certain genetic conditions should be vigilant about regular screenings and discuss their risk factors with healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Right colon cancer is a significant health concern that requires awareness, early detection, and prompt treatment. Recognizing the symptoms, undergoing regular screenings, and adopting a healthy lifestyle are vital steps towards preventing and managing this form of colorectal cancer. If you have concerns or suspect any symptoms related to colon cancer, consult with a colorectal cancer for personalized advice, diagnosis, and treatment options. Also See: Colon Cancer Surgery in Chandigarh Survivor Story: Colon Cancer Surgery  

    Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Rectal Cancer, Rectal Cancer Surgery

    What is sphincter preservation surgery for Rectal Cancer?

    Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Rectal Cancer, Rectal Cancer Surgery /

    Surgeons frequently remove both the rectum and the anus from patients who have colorectal cancer in the lower portion of the colon. The patient usually requires a permanent colostomy if the anus is removed; permanent colostomy is an opening from  which faeces is collected in a bag that is fastened to the abdominal wall. Surgery that “spares” the anal sphincter while safely removing the rectal cancer is known as sphincter-sparing surgery. The rectum can be completely or partially removed during Low Anterior Resection, a surgical option for low rectal cancer. Rectal cancer treatment frequently necessitates the removal of entire rectum.  The final component of digestive system is the large intestine, which is composed of colon and rectum. The rectum and anal region make up the final 18 cm of the large intestine. Sphincters are located along the anal canal, which is the 3.8 cm portion lying next to the anal opening. Principles of cancer surgery includes removing a minimum of 2 cm of rectum below the edge of the cancer to ensure complete removal of rectal cancer. Advantages of Sphincter-sparing Surgery This surgery allows a patient with low rectal cancer retain control over the bowel movements; it also helps to Enhances the quality of life Provides cancer cure rates equal to more extreme surgery Eliminates the need to remove the sphincter muscles and anus, which allows you to eventually return to passing bowel movements through your anus What Happens During Sphincter-sparing Surgery? In this surgery, the surgeon mobilizes the rectum beyond the tumour till the edge of the sphincter. He tries to get beyond the tumour by a minimum of 2 cm and creates a space to place the stapler. If possible, it is called sphincter sparing surgery and prevents the patient from having a permanent stoma. What are these surgeries called These surgeries are called Low Anterior Resection or Ultra Low Anterior Resection What are the special requirement for sphincter saving surgery? There are many requirements for this surgery. The most important is availability of stapling devices. As we know that pelvis is a very small narrow area located in the lower part of the abdominal cavity. The rectum is located in the pelvis. Along with rectum, the pelvis also has a urinary bladder as well prostate in males and uterus and both ovaries in females. Once the rectum is removed, precise stapling instruments help the surgeon to join back the cut end of the lower rectum as well as the cut end of the left colon. The include circular stapling devices as well as flexible right angles stapling devices. There are many variants available to choose from. The choice will depend upon the kind of surgery as well as the patients’ habitat. What are the precautions required for sphincter saving surgeries? Oncologic principles of cancer removal have to be followed. Can sphincter saving surgeries be done with minimal access? Yes. These surgeries can be done with a robotic or laparoscopic approach. However, a small incision will have to be given to remove the excised part of colon. Conclusion Thus, if one has a low rectal cancer, there is a probability that sphincter saving procedure can be done. Patient should consult a colorectal surgeon and discuss the possibility.

    Colorectal Cancer, Rectal Cancer

    How to control Stage 4 Rectal Cancer

    Colorectal Cancer, Rectal Cancer /

    Stage 4 rectal cancers are the ones which have spread to distant body organs as well as tissues such as the liver or lungs. Therapy alternatives for stage 4 cancer cells depend somewhat on exactly how extensive the cancer cells is. Management of Stage 4 Rectal cancer with minimal spread If there’s a possibility that all of the cancer cells can be removed (as an example, there are only a less or singular lesion in the liver or lungs), the most common treatment choices include: Surgery to eliminate the rectal cancer and far-off cancer, followed with by chemo (and/or radiation therapy sometimes). Chemo, accompanied or followed with by surgical procedure to remove the rectal cancer as well as distant cancer, generally sandwiched with by chemo as well as radiation treatment (chemoradiation). Chemoradiation, followed with by surgical procedure to eliminate the rectal cancer as well as remote cancer. This could be followed with more radiation treatment. These strategies might sustain a patient with stage 4 rectal cancer much longer. Surgical treatment to remove the rectal cancer would typically be a low former resection (LAR), proctectomy with colo-rectal anastamosis, or abdominoperineal resection (APR), depending upon where it’s located. Management of Stage 4 Rectal Cancer spread only to the liver If the only place of rectal cancer spread is to the liver, one might be treated with chemo that’s given into the artery of the liver directly. This might diminish the cancers in the liver far better than if the chemo is provided right into a arm vein (IV) or by mouth. Management of Patients with Stage 4 rectal cancer with widespread metastasis If the cancer is much more widespread as well as can not be gotten rid of entirely by surgical treatment, therapy choices depend on whether the cancer is creating an obstruction of the intestine, in which situation surgery may be required. If not, the cancer cells will likely be treated with chemo and/or targeted therapy drugs (without surgical procedure). FOLFOX: leucovorin, 5-FU, and also oxaliplatin. FOLFIRI: leucovorin, 5-FU, and irinotecan. CAPEOX or CAPOX: capecitabine (Xeloda) and oxaliplatin. FOLFOXIRI: leucovorin, 5-FU, oxaliplatin, and also irinotecan. One of the above combinations, plus either a medicine that targets VEGF (bevacizumab [Avastin], ziv-aflibercept, or ramucirumab, or a medicine that targets EGFR (cetuximab [Erbitux] or panitumumab. 5-FU and leucovorin, with or without a targeted drug. Capecitabine, with or without a targeted drug. Irinotecan, alone or in combination with a targeted drug. Cetuximab alone. Panitumumab alone. The option of drugs or drug mixes depends upon a number of elements, including any kind of previous therapies, your overall health and wellness, as well as how well you can tolerate treatment. If chemo shrinks the cancer cells, sometimes it may be possible to consider surgical treatment to try to get rid of all of the cancer now. Chemo might then be provided once more after surgical treatment. Treatment of Stage 4 non-responsive Rectal Cancer If the cancer does not diminish, a different drug combination might be attempted. For people with specific gene changes in their cancer cells, another option after preliminary radiation treatment might be therapy with an immunotherapy drug such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab. Palliative treatment for stage 4 rectal cancer For cancers that do not shrink with chemo and also extensive cancers that are causing symptoms, therapy is done to soothe signs and symptoms as well as prevent long-term problems such as bleeding or obstruction of the intestines. Treatments may consist of several of these: Surgical treatments required for palliation include: A colostomy to bypass the rectal cancer (Diversion Stoma). Fulgurating cancer in the lower rectum through the anal opening. Positioning a stent (hollow steel tube) within the rectum to keep it open; this does not require surgery. If the cancer in the liver cannot be removed by surgical treatment since they are as well huge or there are a lot of them, it may be feasible to damage them (partly or entirely) with ablation or embolization. Tips about Treatment of Advanced or Stage 4 Rectal Cancer

    Colon Cancer Surgery, Colon. Cancer, Colorectal Cancer

    Surgery for colon cancer: Best option for you

    Colon Cancer Surgery, Colon. Cancer, Colorectal Cancer /

    Surgical treatment is the most usual treatment for colon cancer and also might range from minimally invasive, such as excising a polyp throughout a colonoscopy, to, in rare instances, getting rid of the whole colon. Many surgeries for colon and rectal cancer  involve getting rid of cancer, the section of the colon in which the cancer was found, surrounding normal tissue as well as close-by lymph nodes. This is the basic principle used for all cancer surgeries of colon and rectum irrespective of whether open or minimally invasive surgical procedure is used. People may get chemotherapy treatment and/or radiation treatment before and/or after surgical procedure for rectal cancer. These adjuvant therapies may help diminish tumours prior to they are surgically gotten rid of and are intended to target cancer cells that may continue to be after surgical treatment. Such a choice will depend on the clinical staging of the cancer Local excision and polypectomy If colon or rectal polyp or cancer is found at an early stage, it can be removed, with a colonoscope. It is a excision that does not need puncturing the abdominal wall. If the excision includes the removal of a polyp, the treatment is called a polypectomy. This is also used to remove pre malignant lesions and thus need for surgery is avoided. During these procedures, a physician accesses the colon or rectum with a colonoscope as well as a connected cutting tools used to remove the polyps or unusual cells. If a polyp or location of uncommon cells cannot be excised through these treatments, laparoscopic or open surgery may be needed. Colectomy: Total or Hemicolectomy A colectomy is the removal of all or part of the colon. The resection might be carried out as a less intrusive laparoscopic colectomy. If open surgery is needed, a lengthy incision in the abdomen might be required. With open surgery, patients will remain in the hospital for a week or more and might have a longer period of recovery. Early discharge is possible with laparoscopic or open surgery. Laparoscopic surgery for Colon Cancer Colorectal surgeon will carry out a laparoscopic colectomy to get rid of the malignant part of the colon and also neighbouring lymph nodes, and afterwards reattach the healthy ends of the colon. A laparoscopic colectomy may result in less pain, a shorter stay in the health centre and also a speedier recovery. With a laparoscopic colectomy, about 4 to 5 tiny lacerations are made around the abdomen. The medical oncologist after that inserts a laparoscope, a thin tube outfitted with a small video camera that projects photos of the within the abdominal area on a nearby screen. The colorectal surgeon after that inserts tools via these small cuts to do the surgery. Types of Colectomy used for Colon Cancer The type will depend upon the location and extent of the tumour. This will also depend on the number of tumours found in the colon. Based on above these could be: Total Colectomy Subtotal Colectomy Right Hemicolectomy Right Extended Hemicolectomy Left Hemicolectomy High Anterior Resection Sigmoid Colectomy Proctocolectomy Colostomy for colon cancer A colostomy may be needed, relying on the kind as well as degree of the colon surgical treatment carried out. During this procedure, the colon is linked to a hole in the abdomen (called a stoma) to draw away faeces from a damaged or surgically fixed part of the colon or anus. Some colostomies may be reversed as soon as the repaired tissue heals. Various other colostomies are irreversible, as well as the stoma is affixed to a colostomy bag that accumulates waste. These are called permanent colostomies and are used for very low rectal cancer which is near the anus and the sphincters are involved. Proctectomy A proctectomy is used to get rid of all or part of the rectum. A low-anterior resection entails the removal of rectum for cancer located in the top part of the rectum, which is closest to the S-shaped sigmoid colon. Some surrounding healthy rectal tissue may likewise be eliminated, in addition to nearby lymph nodes and also fatty tissue. This surgery involves a joint made with special staplers and the colostomy used is temporary. A pathologist will analyse the lymph nodes to identify if cancer cells are present. This will certainly aid physicians identify the stage of the disease and also whether chemotherapy and or radiotherapy is required. After the cancerous section of the rectum is eliminated, the colorectal oncologist links the sigmoid colon with the remaining healthy part of the rectum below the cancer. This allows waste to pass typically out of the body through the anus, once the temporary stoma is removed. Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is made use of to deal with cancer in the lower rectum. Since this treatment needs removal of the cancerous section of the lower anus nearest the anus, some or every one of the anal sphincter is likewise gotten rid of. The sphincter is a muscle that maintains the anus shut and protects against stool leak. Since the sphincter is in charge of digestive tract control, the colorectal surgeon additionally carries out a colostomy to enable the body to secrete waste. Laparoscopic or Robotic Surgery for rectal cancers All kind of proctectomies in including APR are also done by these procedures. Robotic surgery gives an edge over laparoscopic surgery as it has better magnification and is more precise in limited spaces. However open surgery may be required for larger or fixed tumours of the rectum. HIPEC for Colon Cancer Hyperthermic intraperitoneal radiation treatment (HIPEC) is an extremely focused, warmed chemotherapy therapy that is supplied directly to the abdominal area throughout surgery. Unlike systemic radiation treatment distribution, which distributes throughout the body, HIPEC may supply chemotherapy directly to cancer cells in the abdomen. This allows for higher dosages of chemotherapy therapy. HIPEC might be especially practical for people with colon cancer or rectal tumours that have not involved organs such as the liver or lungs, or to lymph nodes outside the

    Colon. Cancer, Colorectal Cancer

    Stage 4 Colon Cancer: Now There is Hope with Treatment

    Colon. Cancer, Colorectal Cancer /

    Colon cancer is the 3rd most commonly identified cancer in both males as well as females in the world. In India, 4.4 people per lac get colon cancer and thus almost 60,000 people get colon cancer each year or 157 new colon cancers are diagnosed every day. Overall 5 years survival rates are 14 to 19%; however 5 year survival rates for patients with stage 4 colon cancer that metastasize to liver and had removal of liver metastases at the same time as colon surgery improved up to 70%, which is a huge survival advantage. Stage 4 colon cancer is late-stage cancer in which the disease has actually spread to other tissues or body organs in the body and also is, as a result, harder to treat. Treatment may just be partly successful, and also cancer may be more likely to return after treatment. Colon cancer usually infects the liver, however it can also infect other locations like the lungs, brain, peritoneum, or to distant lymph nodes. Surgery followed by chemotherapy for stage 4 colon cancer If there are only a couple of small locations of cancer spread (metastases) in the liver or lungs and they can be removed along with the colon cancer, surgery will give the best results. Colon surgery along with removal of a part of the liver or lung containing the cancer  procedure may give better results and helps one live longer. Surgery will be followed by appropriate chemotherapy. It’s very crucial to understand the goal of the surgery ─ whether it’s to try to heal the cancer or to avoid or alleviate signs and symptoms of the cancer. This aspect has to be clearly understood, if one has stage 4 colon cancer. Chemotherapy for stage 4 colon cancer followed by surgery and further chemotherapy If the metastases cannot be eliminated because they’re too big or there are as well several of them, chemotherapy may be given before surgery (neoadjuvant chemo). Chemo may be offered once more after surgical treatment. A lot of patients respond very well to this combination management plan. At times, the secondary tumours will disappear outright and thus the surgical procedure does become simpler and yields better results. Chemotherapy for colon cancer If the cancer spread excessive and widespread, one will not attempt to treat it with surgical procedure; chemotherapy is the main therapy in these situations. Surgical procedure might still be required if the cancer  is blocking the colon or is most likely to do so; this is called colon obstruction or large intestinal obstruction. Chemotherapy remains the backbone of management in these situations. Stage 4 colon cancer with intestinal obstruction Sometimes, a surgical procedure can be avoided by putting a stent (a hollow steel tube) right into the colon where the cancer is, during a colonoscopy, to keep it open. Otherwise, operations such as a colectomy or diverting colostomy (cutting the colon above the level of the cancer, bringing it out and affixing the end to an opening in the skin on the  belly to enable waste to be collected in a bag). This is called a colostomy or an ileostomy; these are also called diversion stomas. Chemotherapy or targeted therapy or both for stage 4 colon cancer Most people with phase IV cancer cells will certainly obtain chemo and/or targeted therapies to regulate the cancer cells. A few of the most typically regimens include: FOLFOX: leucovorin, 5-FU, and also oxaliplatin. FOLFIRI: leucovorin, 5-FU, as well as irinotecan. CAPEOX or CAPOX: capecitabine (Xeloda) and oxaliplatin. FOLFOXIRI: leucovorin, 5-FU, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. One of the above mixes plus either a drug that targets VEGF, (bevacizumab [Avastin], ziv-aflibercept, or ramucirumab, or a drug that targets EGFR (cetuximab [Erbitux] or panitumumab. 5-FU and leucovorin, with or without a targeted medication. Capecitabine, with or without a targeted medicine. Irinotecan, with or without a targeted medicine. Cetuximab alone. Panitumumab alone. Regorafenib  alone. The option of regimen to be used depends upon a number of aspects, including previous therapies you’ve had and also your overall wellness. At times one has to toggle these combinations depending upon the effectiveness of these medications. Radiotherapy for stage 4 colon cancer Radiation treatment can also be made use of to relieve signs and symptoms in the colon from the cancer such as pain. It could additionally be used to treat locations of spread such as in the lungs or bone. It may reduce tumours for a while, but it’s not most likely to treat the cancer. Outcomes after treatment of stage 4 colon cancer Thus, we can safely say that the 5 year survival rates for colon cancer range between 14% to up to 70%. The success of specific treatment approaches may differ among individuals, with treatments successful for some individuals having little effect in others. Additionally, specialists base these statistics on previous cases. As treatments often tend to get better gradually, survival rates may be more reliable and better as improved treatments become available. Specific factors can likewise play a significant function in a person’s outcome. For instance, the age as well as general wellness of a person might influence their responsiveness to therapy. Recap for Stage 4 Colon Cancer

    Colon. Cancer, Colorectal Cancer

    Second Cancer After Colon Cancer: Survivors need to be careful

    Colon. Cancer, Colorectal Cancer /

    Colon cancer survivors can have a number of unrelated illnesses, yet usually a major concern is encountering cancer once again. Cancer that returns after therapy is called a recurrence. Some colon cancer survivors get a new unrelated cancer later in life. This is called a second cancer and has to be treated according to its own merit. They could be at greater risk for certain other types of cancer. Individuals that have had colon cancer can get any sort of second cancer , but they have an enhanced risk of the following cancers as observed: A new colon cancer which is different from the first cancer coming back Rectal cancer Uterine cancer Anal cancer Oral cavity cancer Stomach cancer Small intestine cancer Kidney cancer Bile duct cancer Reason for second cancer after Colon Cancer The increased threat with a few of these cancers might be due to common threat aspects, such as diet, obesity, as well as exercise. Genes may likewise be an element. People with Lynch disorder (genetic non-polyposis intestines cancer cells) have actually an increased risk of many of these cancers. Follow-up after colon cancer surgery After finishing therapy for colon cancer, you should still see your physician regularly to try to find indications that cancer has actually returned or spread out. Survivors of colon cancer must additionally comply with the Screening Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer, such as those for breast, cervical, lung, as well as prostate cancer. For individuals who have actually had colon cancer , most experts don’t advise any extra screening to try to find second cancers unless one has symptoms. One possible exemption is in women that had colon cancer as a result of having Lynch disorder, as these women are likewise at raised threat for endometrial and also some other cancers. If you have Lynch disorder or one or more acquired syndrome, it’s important to talk to your doctor regarding your dangers. Can I decrease my danger of getting a second cancer? There are actions you can take to reduce your risk and stay as healthy and eat balanced diet as feasible. For example, people who have had intestines cancer cells ought to do their finest to stay away from tobacco items. Smoking cigarettes may even more enhance the risk of a few of the second cancers that are extra common after intestines cancer. To aid keep good wellness, colon cancer survivors need to: Get to and remain at a healthy and balanced weight. Be energetic Follow a healthy eating pattern that consists of plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and restrictions or stays clear of red and processed meats, sweet drinks, as well as processed foods. It’s best not to drink alcohol. If you do drink, have no more than 1 beverage each day for ladies or 2 per day for men. Dr. Rajeev Kapoor is the best colon cancer surgeon in Chandigarh. If you diagnosed with colon cancer, make an appointment today!

    Colon Cancer Surgery, Colorectal Cancer, Colorectal Surgery, Colostomy, Ileostomy, Permanent Stoma, Rectal Cancer, Rectal Cancer Surgery

    Avoid Permanent Colostomy or Ileostomy

    Colon Cancer Surgery, Colorectal Cancer, Colorectal Surgery, Colostomy, Ileostomy, Permanent Stoma, Rectal Cancer, Rectal Cancer Surgery /

    Colon and rectal cancer survivors can lead an energetic way of life after surgical treatment, and also most can avoid the need for a colostomy bag with innovative operations available There is an increase in colon and rectal cancer in people those in their 20s to 40s; millennials have actually seen a 1.3% annual boost in colon cancer as well as a 2.3% annual rise in rectal cancer from the mid-1990s. This is an extremely active  population that is in prime of their lives,  building families and also occupations. When they get cancer, they are worried about getting an ileostomy or a colostomy — a surgically created opening in the body that directs faeces into an external waste collection receptacle called a colostomy bag. Both colostomy or ileostomy are also referred to as a stoma Contrary to common belief, about 80% to 90% of patients who have surgical procedure to get rid of a rectal or colon cancer will not require a permanent ileostomy or colostomy. The mix of advanced imaging technology as well as sophisticated investigation permits us to identify cancers earlier and also remove them with even more accuracy, typically eliminating the need for a colostomy bag. For colon cancer, it is rare that a person will require a permanent ileostomy or colostomy. Those at greater risk can consist of people in bad general health and wellness prior to surgery as well as those that need emergency surgical treatment. How sophisticated rectal cancer surgery can avoid a permanent stoma Sphincter-sparing surgical treatment is an innovative procedure in which we remove a cancer that is close to the anus without needing to operate on the sphincter. One research study showed that from 1990 onward for 20 years, 67% to 73% of people who had rectal cancer cells got sphincter-sparing surgical treatment. Executing this technique calls for knowledge, skill and dexterity far beyond a general surgeons skills. Colorectal surgeon have that requisite skill. Before performing the sphincter-sparing surgery for rectal cancer, we need to initially find the cancers relationship to the anal sphincters. If there is a chance to go beyond the tumour for 2 cm without damaging the sphincter, permanent colostomy is avoided. Once the part of rectum containing the cancer is eliminated, along with the fat as well as lymph nodes that surround the anus, the colorectal surgeon will reconnect the colon to the cut end of the rectum. This avoids cutting into the sphincter and removes the requirement for an irreversible colostomy in most patients. Special equipment to connect the two ends is used, which is called stapling devices. Multiple kind of these stapling devices are available and are chosen according to the patients requirement. Ileostomy may be required, but it is temporary and reversed after 12 weeks. It will depend on the patient’s anatomy and how much rectum we got rid of, a short-term ileostomy typically is required as the body heals. Timing to connect back will also depend upon on whether the person needs to receive further chemotherapy treatment and when the person feels strong sufficient to undertake a 2nd surgery. Living an active life with an ileostomy or colostomy If you are among the little percent of individuals who do need a permanent ileostomy/colostomy, we’ll review your current activity level before surgical treatment and also give thorough guidelines on exactly how to keep your way of life with a stoma. To help attain these outcomes, a team strategy along with a stoma therapist is utilized to plan each person’s care. Looking after a temporary or permanent ileostomy or colostomy Dealing with a stoma takes some getting used to, but everyone gets used to it. One of the greatest problems is whether a stoma be apparent to others; in the majority of scenarios, it is not visible. Stoma nurses are professionals in ileostomy care. They’ll educate you in correct cleaning and also upkeep methods, along with offer suggestions to adjust your wardrobe and regular activities as you accommodate to your new routine. When you return house, you will have accessibility to Stoma Care nurse who will certainly help you in taking care of the ileostomy or colostomy. A colostomy irrigation protocol followed daily removes the need for wearing a colostomy bag for almost all patients with a permanent colostomy. Highlights

    Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Rectal Cancer, Survivor story

    Rectal Cancer Survivor takes life one day at a time

    Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Rectal Cancer, Survivor story /

    “Take one day at a time; always look on the positive side; and never give up.” This is what Ruchi (name changed) has to say as she battled a life changing event in her life when in May, 2012, she was diagnosed with rectal cancer that had spread to her liver. She was 32, recently married and planning to have a child. Signs and symptoms of rectal cancer Ruchi noticed something was wrong when she had multiple bleeding bouts over a span of 14 days. She had been diagnosed with haemorrhoids years ago and thus attributed her symptoms to haemorrhoids flaring up. She hoped the bleeding and urgent need to use the washroom was temporary and what she was experiencing was just a one-time flare up. However, over the next few weeks, the bleeding became more frequent and urgency continued. By the end of November, Ruchi’s symptoms stayed and she was forced (as she says) to seek appointment with me. Ruchi’s energy level had dropped so low, she was having trouble performing her job working. Bleeding with stools can be due to many reasons and should never be ignored. One of the reason for this could be a cancer of the lower colon or rectum. Many a times these bleedings are attributed to piles and thus managed without seeking a doctors consult. If this bleeding is because of a cancer, we lose chance of picking it up early and thus ensuring cure. I examined Ruchi and found that she had external haemorrhoids. However on examination of her back passage I found a tumour in her rectum. Rectum is the last portion of the intestines, where stools are stored. This area can be examined digitally with a gloved finger right in the outpatient clinic. I ordered tests which also included a colonoscopy. Her haemoglobin was low because of her bleeding. In colonoscopy, I found a large tumour in the lower rectum, 2 cm away from her anal opening. I took biopsies which came as cancer. Her CT scan revealed that she also had a solitary tumour in the liver and thus she was diagnosed to be having stage 4 rectal cancer. Counselling about rectal cancer and outcomes I sat down with Ruchi and her husband and broke the news to them. I explained about the disease and various treatment options. I also gave hope as stage 4 rectal cancers can be treated successfully and almost up to 30 percent patients have a good survival chance. The session lasted for almost an hour. I called them again next day to further discuss her treatment plans as well as answer any more questions they had. They were of course devastated at the news. Stage 4 rectal cancer requires chemo as well as radiation, followed by surgery. Her ova had to be procured and saved for future so that she can have babies. Ruchi describes getting the news she had cancer as shocking, but she says that she didn’t feel scared. “Even though both of us were crying, I was sure I was going to face it with courage”. She knew that she could rely on her husband’s support. She was also sure her parents would also help her in the crisis. She was very determined to remain positive. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation for rectal cancer Stage 4 rectal cancer has many pathways for treatment depending on quite a few factors. After a tumour board meeting, it was decided to treat her with chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and then surgery if required. With chemotherapy her liver tumour vanished and rectal tumour became small. After radiotherapy, the rectal tumour was difficult to feel but she had problems with incontinence. So APR surgery was planned for her. In this major surgery the rectum along with back passage is removed and the patient is given a permanent stoma called end colostomy. Ruchi underwent surgery to remove the tumour and got a permanent colostomy, where the end of her colon was brought out through a hole created in the abdomen wall on left lower abdomen. This allows wastes (faecal matter) out of the body, which is collected in a colostomy bag, that has to be emptied regularly. Life with a permanent stoma for rectal cancer surgery Ruchi says that the colostomy bag was a big mental block for her. She had been counselled about her permanent colostomy by a stoma therapist in my team, but Ruchi was still apprehensive. However the stoma therapist had multiple meetings with her and her husband and slowly she adjusted to life with a stoma. Her main focus remained about the cancer being completely eliminated and thus a favourable biopsy report after her surgery elevated her mood. “At that point, I started thinking about a future and that helped me. I was so focussed on my cancer that my communication with my husband were always about my cancer, treatment and outcomes. One month after the surgery, when I was told that the cancer at that stage had been eliminated from the body, I felt so relieved. My liver looked good and thus no further treatment was required.” Ruchi was now learning to live with her stoma and changed life style. We encouraged her to start thinking about normal chores and getting involved in managing her house. We also started her on daily exercises, walks and trips to the park. Ruchi was also counselled about her relationship and sex life. She was encouraged to roll back into the relationship at her pace. Her partner was also counselled about living with a person with a stoma. Having an understanding partner is very important; Ruchi was very lucky on that front. Surveillance for Rectal Cancer We made a 7 year surveillance plan for her so that we remain on the lookout for the cancer coming back. A three monthly visit to the clinic and yearly plan for scans and colonoscopy was planned. No bag after rectal cancer surgery 8 weeks after surgery, the stoma therapist

    Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Gynaecology Cancer, Vulvar Cancer

    Vulvar Cancer Treatment Doctor in Chandigarh | Vulvar Cancer Surgeon

    Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Gynaecology Cancer, Vulvar Cancer /

    What is vulvar cancer? Best Treatment for Vulvar Cancer – Vulvar cancer can happen on any part of the female genital organs; however most often affects the labia majora or labia minora. Cancer of the vulva is an unusual disease, accounting for 0.6 percent of all cancers in women, and also it grows slowly and gradually over several years. A lot of vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Melanoma is another common kind of vulvar cancer that is generally located in the labia minora or clitoris. We deal with a lot more women every year with this vulvar cancer and therefore offers us a degree of experience and also proficiency that might bring about a greater opportunity for successful treatment in many cases. Vulvar Cancer Risk Factors The following elements might enhance a woman’s threat of being afflicted with vulvar cancer: Of the ladies who develop vulvar cancer, over 80 percent are more than 50, as well as fifty percent are over 70. Infection with certain kinds of HPV HIV infection Lichen sclerosus Melanoma or irregular moles on nonvulvar skin Also See: Rectal Cancer Surgeon in Chandigarh What are symptoms of vulvar cancer? Symptoms vary and may include: Red or white raised area with a rough surface on the vulva Itching or burning in the genital area Pain while passing urine Bleeding and discharge from the vagina, when one is not having a menstrual period Non healing ulcer on the vulva Change in the size of a mole on vulva Swelling or lump on the vulva or in the opening of the vagina Diagnosis of vulvar cancer It is very important that vulvar cancer is diagnosed early as well as where the cancer has spread. These are: Clinical Examination Biopsy of the growth, if the growth is large Chest X-ray CT scans MRI scans PET scans Blood tests Vulvar cancer treatments If you are identified with vulvar cancer cells, your physician will go over the very best choices to treat it. This depends upon a number of aspects, including:. The kind as well as phase of the cancer. Your general wellness. Your age. Your preferences. Also See: Colon Cancer Surgeon in Chandigarh Surgical treatment for Vulvar Cancer. Surgery is the main treatment for vulvar cancer. Best results are accrued if vulvar cancer surgery is done by a specialist with a good deal of experience in the procedure. Various forms of surgery for vulvar cancer include the following: Laser surgery: Lasers may be utilized to deal with precancerous changes. Unusual cells are burnt with a laser light beam. Lasers are not utilized for invasive vulvar cancer cells. Excision: The cancer as well as surrounding normal area of almost 1/2 inch of skin and tissues on each side of the tumour are gotten rid of. Reconstruction is done after the removal. Vulvectomy: This is major surgery in which all or major part of vulva is removed. Reconstruction is done with the help of a plastic surgeon. Pelvic exenteration: In this complex surgical procedure, the vulva and lymph nodes in the pelvis are removed. Depending upon how much the cancer cells has actually spread, the colon, anus, bladder, uterus, cervix and/or vaginal canal may be gotten rid of. Inguinal lymph node removal: Lymph nodes on one or both sides of the groin area are excised and sent for biopsy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy: The surgeon eliminates the lymph nodes closest to the cancer and looks at them under a microscope. If the cells do not have cancer cells, no more lymph nodes are gotten rid of. If the cells do have cancer, various other lymph nodes in the location will have to be removed. Topical Therapy for Vulvar Cancer This kind of treatment may be utilized in precancerous vulvar cell adjustments. These include:. Fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapy drug. Imiquimod. Radiation treatment for Vulvar cancer Radiotherapy is one of the most current and innovative options for vulvar cancer. New radiation treatment enable us to target lumps a lot more precisely, delivering the optimum amount of radiation with the least damages to healthy and balanced cells. Chemotherapy for Vulvar Cancer Chemo treatment in some cases may be given with radiation treatment to aid make the cancer smaller prior to surgery. It additionally might be used to treat lymph nodes. How to prevent Vulvar Cancer: Using condoms during sexual activities To stop smoking Getting vaccinated against HPV Having routine Pap tests and pelvic exams Good hygiene of the genital organs Salient Features about Vulvar cancer  

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    Prof. Rajeev Kapoor is the former Head of Surgery from Christian Medical College, Ludhiana as well as former Consultant, Colorectal Surgery, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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