Understanding Right Colon Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

Right colon cancer, also known as ascending colon cancer, is a form of colorectal cancer that develops in the right portion of the colon. It is essential to raise awareness about this condition to promote early detection and improve treatment outcomes. I will aim to provide comprehensive information on right colon cancer, including its symptoms, diagnosis methods, treatment options, and prevention strategies.

Understanding Right Colon Cancer:

The colon, or large intestine, is divided into several sections, with the right colon comprising the cecum, ascending colon and a right side of transverse colon. Right colon cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in this region, forming a tumor. If left untreated, the cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant organs and cause death.

Symptoms:

1. Abdominal pain or discomfort: Persistent pain or discomfort in the right lower abdomen may be a sign of right colon cancer.
2. Changes in bowel habits: Chronic diarrhoea or constipation that lasts for an extended period can indicate a problem, though more common for left colon and rectal cancers.
3. Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool: Bright red blood or dark, tarry stools may be indicative of colorectal cancer.
4. Unexplained weight loss and fatigue: Rapid weight loss and persistent fatigue unrelated to other factors could be warning signs.
5. Iron deficiency anemia: Chronic bleeding from the tumor can lead to iron deficiency anemia, causing weakness and fatigue.
6. Palpable mass in the abdomen: In some cases, a lump or swelling may be felt in the abdomen, especially on the right side.

Diagnosis:

Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Colorectal Surgeons use several methods to diagnose right colon cancer, including:

1. Physical examination: A thorough physical examination helps detect any abnormalities or masses in the abdomen.
2. Imaging tests: Imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound can provide detailed images of the colon, helping identify tumors or abnormal growths. PET CT is a special modality to detect cancer.
3. Colonoscopy: This procedure involves the insertion of a flexible tube with a camera into the rectum and colon. It allows visual examination of the entire colon, facilitating the detection of polyps or tumors. Biopsy samples may be collected during colonoscopy for further analysis.
4. Blood tests: Blood samples may be analyzed to check for specific markers associated with colon cancer, as well as to assess for anemia.

Treatment Options:

The treatment approach for right colon cancer depends on various factors, including the cancer stage, overall health of the patient, and individual preferences. Common treatment options include:

1. Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor, along with nearby lymph nodes, is the primary treatment for right colon cancer. A right colectomy may be performed, which involves removing the right portion of the colon and reconnecting the healthy ends. It’s also called Right Hemicolectomy. The surgery is usually performed with minimum access like robotic assisted right hemicolectomy or laparoscopic assisted right hemicolectomy.
2. Chemotherapy: When the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant organs, chemotherapy drugs are used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. Chemotherapy can be administered before or after surgery.
3. Targeted therapy: Some individuals with specific genetic mutations may benefit from targeted therapies. These medications, such as anti-EGFR or anti-VEGF drugs, target specific mutations in cancer cells, impeding their growth.
4. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be used in specific cases to shrink tumors before surgery or to alleviate symptoms caused by advanced cancer. However, it is generally less common in the treatment of right colon cancer.

Prognosis:

The prognosis for right colon cancer varies based on factors such as the stage of cancer at diagnosis, the effectiveness of the treatment, and the individual’s overall health. Early detection and treatment significantly improve the prognosis. However, if the cancer has metastasized to distant sites or organs, the prognosis may be less favorable.

Prevention Strategies:

Prevention plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of right colon cancer. Here are some preventive measures individuals can adopt:

1. Regular screening: Colonoscopies and other screening tests are vital for early detection and prevention of colon cancer. The recommended screening age may vary based on personal risk factors and family history.
2. Healthy lifestyle choices: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with regular exercise, can contribute to reducing the risk of colon cancer. Avoiding processed meats, limiting alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight are also beneficial.
3. Awareness of risk factors: Individuals with a family history of colon cancer or certain genetic conditions should be vigilant about regular screenings and discuss their risk factors with healthcare professionals.

Conclusion:

Right colon cancer is a significant health concern that requires awareness, early detection, and prompt treatment. Recognizing the symptoms, undergoing regular screenings, and adopting a healthy lifestyle are vital steps towards preventing and managing this form of colorectal cancer. If you have concerns or suspect any symptoms related to colon cancer, consult with a colorectal cancer for personalized advice, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Also See:

Colon Cancer Surgery in Chandigarh

Survivor Story: Colon Cancer Surgery